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991.
选择青藏高原14个代表性现代湖泊的表层沉积物为研究对象,它们是冷湖、大苏干湖、小苏干湖、大柴旦湖、小柴旦湖、托素湖、尕海、茶卡湖、唐古拉-1、错鄂、乃日平错、纳木错、空姆错和普莫雍错,探讨这些湖泊碳酸盐矿物组成及相应氧稳定同位素组成的影响因素。XRD结果显示这些湖泊的碳酸盐矿物多以方解石为主,并含白云石。其中冷湖以白云石为主,尕海还含有一定量的文石。碳酸盐氧同位素分析结果显示总碳酸盐δ18O在-15.9‰到2.6‰范围变化,方解石δ18O变化范围为-16.2‰~3.9‰,白云石δ18O变化在-15.3‰~-5.4‰范围内。通过氧同位素与湖区环境因素的相关性分析,认为总碳酸盐δ18O受湖水δ18O组成、温度、降水量/蒸发量、盐度、海拔和纬度多种因素影响;方解石δ18O主要受湖水δ18O、温度、盐度、海拔和纬度的影响;白云石δ18O受降水量/蒸发量和盐度的影响。总碳酸盐δ18O对湖水δ18O、温度、海拔和纬度的响应是以方解石为载体而体现的;总碳酸盐δ18O对降水量/蒸发量的响应则归因于白云石δ18O对其的响应结果;另外总碳酸盐δ18O通过方解石和白云石δ18O的叠加作用响应于盐度。该研究初步建立了总碳酸盐、方解石和白云石氧同位素与环境各个指标之间的响应关系,对于揭示过去青藏高原地区环境变化有重要意义。 相似文献
992.
993.
随着分析测试技术的提高以及同位素分馏理论的进步,氧同位素非质量分馏的应用范围已经从太空拓展到地球,逐渐发展成为研究行星和地球早期演化、地球表面各圈层相互作用的重要途径和手段.硝酸盐和硫酸盐是地球上少数几个具有明显氧同位素非质量分馏效应的矿物.本文测定了新疆吐-哈地区硝酸盐矿床中硝酸盐和硫酸盐矿物的氧同位素组成,结果显示,硝酸盐的氧同位素存在明显的非质量分馏效应,△17O高达14‰,δ18O高达40‰.为该超大型硝酸盐矿床的大气沉积成因提供了可靠依据. 相似文献
994.
王佳 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1996,14(4):291-296
Electrochemical studies on the cathodic reaction of marine atmospheric corrosion using Kelvin probeas reference electrode showed that the rate of cathodic reaction-oxygen reduction first increases then de-creases, with the reaction maximizing at a certain thickness as the electrolyte film decreases duringevaporation. It was indicated that with decreasing electrolyte thickness by drying, the oxygen reduction ratewas accelerated by the faster oxygen diffusion due to the thinner electrolyte layer on the metal surface. Theresults also revealed that although the oxygen salting out effect has great influence on the rate of oxygenreduction, it is not the main causative factor for the decrease in cathodic limiting current in the case of avery thin electrolyte layer. 相似文献
995.
The intracrystalline diffusion rate of oxygen in diopside was constrained based on natural isotopic variations from a granulite facies marble from Cascade Slide, Adirondacks (New York, USA). The oxygen isotope compositions of the diopsides, measured as a function of grain size, are nearly constant (20.9 ± 0.3‰ vs. SMOW) over the entire measured size range (0.3–3.2 mm diameter). The δ18O values of the cores of calcite grains are 23.0‰. Temperature estimates based on the Δ18O(calcite-diopside) are 800d?C, in agreement with the highest previous thermometric estimates for these rocks. The lack of isotopic variation in the diopsides as a function of grain size requires that the oxygen intracrystalline diffusion rate in diopside from the Adirondack samples was very slow. The maximum diffusion rates (D800d?C parallel to the c-axis) were calculated with an infinite reservoir model (IRM) and a finite reservoir model (FRM) that incorporates mineral modal abundances and initial isotopic variations. For an assumed activation energy (Q) = 100 kJ/mol, the IRM diffusion rate estimate of 1.6 times 10-20cm2/s is two orders of magnitude faster than from the FRM; at Q=500kJ/mol, the D800d?C estimate for both methods is c. 5.6 times 10-20 cm2/s. The present results require that a hydrothermal fluid significantly enhances the diffusion rate of oxygen in diopside if previous data are correct. The δ18O(SMOW) and δ13C(PDB) values of the calcite, measured in situ with a CO2 laser, are 22.9 ± 0.3, 0.1±0.3‰ in the grain cores, 22.1 ±0.3, 0.2 ±0.1‰ at the grain boundaries and 21.7 ±0.4, -0.6±0.1‰ abutting diopside grains. The δ18O and δ13δC values measured conventionally are: crystal cores, 22.96, -0.95‰; abutting diopside grains, 22.38, -0.93‰; bulk, 22.79, -0.95%. Use of the bulk δ18O(calcite) values for thermometry yields unreasonably high temperatures. The lower δ18O values at the calcite grain boundaries are not due to retrograde diffusional exchange with the diopside, they are thought to be a result of a late retrograde fluid infiltration. 相似文献
996.
The aim of the present work was to determine the activities of selected antioxidant enzymes (SOD, Se-GPX, CAT) in two species of bivalves, Scapharca inaequivalvis and Tapes philippinarum, from two sites of the lagoon of Venice that are characterized by different pO(2) (Marghera and Chioggia). The specimens were collected at four times during a 1-year period. In the two species studied, enzyme activities were found to be present in both digestive glands and gills, but with some species-specific differences that may also represent a different adaptation to seasonal variations. The presence of high SOD activities in the gills of both species may be related to their physiological role in respiration. Scapharca inaequivalvis is less sensitive than T. philippinarum to environmental changes, perhaps due to the presence of hemoglobins in this species. Moreover, in the digestive gland of T. philippinarum we found a significant negative correlation between the activities of SOD and GPX that may indicate the presence of oxidative stress. Some correlations between temperature/dissolved oxygen and antioxidant enzyme activity were present in specimens sampled in Marghera. Only GPX adequately responded to changes in dissolved oxygen and temperature, while the decrease in the activity of SOD and CAT in winter may be directly responsible for an enhanced susceptibility of mussels to oxidative stress during this period. We can conclude that the observed differences between Chioggia and Marghera are due to different concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Marghera is an appropriate location to study seasonal variations in water temperature. In fact, in this site, the differences between hot and cold months are quite evident. 相似文献
997.
S. K. Simakov 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(3):282-296
Pressure–Temperature-
conditions and fluid compositions estimated for mineral parageneses from inclusions in diamonds, diamond-bearing and diamond-free
xenoliths using a garnet–clinopyroxene–silica oxygen barometer data indicate that the upper mantle is zoned, with a relatively
oxidized lithosphere and a reduced asthenosphere. Calculations in the C–O–H system indicate that eclogite inclusions within
diamonds and xenoliths have formed mainly in equilibrium with water-rich fluids. 相似文献
998.
T.M. Dillon 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(4):403-413
Oxygen consumption rates (V?o2) in the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio were determined after a 32 day exposure to fluctuating temperatures (FT) (18–22°C) and/or dimethylnaphthalene (DMN)-contaminated food (0·24 μg DMN g wet wt?1) and again after a 16 day recovery period of stable temperatures (20°C) and uncontaminated food. Ingestion of DMN-contaminated food for 32 days resulted in elevated V?>o2 in shrimp exposed to declining oxygen concentrations. After the 32 day exposure period, FT had no significant effect on V?o2 at 15, 20 and 25°C, tissue V?o2 and V?o2 in declining oxygen. Hemolymph copper concentrations were significantly depressed in shrimp exposed to DMN-contaminated food. After the 16 day recovery period, shrimp from the FT regime exhibited depressed V?o2 when exposed to 25°C but not to 15°C. These depressed respiratory rates were offset by the stimulatory effect of DMN-contaminated food.These respiration studies were generally unproductive in explaining the previously reported effects of FT and DMN-contaminated food on the survival of P. pugio under hypoxic conditions. 相似文献
999.
Marta Susana Orozco Storni Rubén José Lara Adán Edgardo Pucci 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1984,19(4):485-491
Oxygen, alkalinity, nutrients, pH, temperature and salinity were measured through tidal cycles in two points of Blanca Bay. A clear dependence of nutrients, oxygen and alkalinity with salinity and tide conditions was observed in the inner point, being attenuated in the outer one. 相似文献
1000.
Two cruises were conducted in January and July 1986 in the Changjiang (Yangtse River) Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea (30°45′ -32°00′N,121°00′-124°00′E). Direct epifluorescence counts of planktonic bacteria and determinations of ATP concentrations were made. Subsamples were taken for measurement of oxygen consumption rates and chlorophyll concentrations.Bacteria and ATP concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, highest in the river and the river mouth, and gradually lower offshore. The bacteria number was correlated positively with suspended matter, nitrates and oxygen consumption rates, and negatively with salinity.In winter bacteria were the main contributors of ATP and the main consumers of dissolved oxygen in the whole studied area. In summer two maxima of ATP were found along the salinity gradient. The first one which coincided with the peak of turbidity near the river mouth was attributed to bacte -ria, and the second which occurred in the waters with a salinity range be 相似文献